Picture from Seydoux GC et al. (1994) Development "Soma-germline asymmetry in the distributions of embryonic RNAs in ...."

Figure 3. Localization of pes-10 and pes-10::lacZ embryonically transcribed RNAs in early embryos. Wild-type embryos (first column) or embryos transformed with a pes-10::lacZ transgene (second column) were hybridized, respectively, to pes-10 or lacZ anti-sense probes. Probes were visualized as described in the legend of Fig. 2. Arrows point to nuclei of recently arisen somatic founder blastomeres where the pes-10::lacZ message has just started to accumulate in two foci. In contrast to the endogenous pes-10 message, which quickly becomes cytoplasmic (see 7/8-cell stage), the pes-10::lacZ RNAs remains predominantly nuclear until the 26-cell stage. This apparent block in nuclear export (or cytoplasmic instability) has also been observed for other lacZ fusion RNAs (data not shown), and could be due to the long intron-less coding region of lacZ. Cs refer to the 4 C-derived blastomeres: Caa, Cap, Cpa, Cpp.

Picture from Hoffmann M et al. (2009) PLoS One "C. elegans ATAD-3 is essential for mitochondrial activity and ...."

Figure 2. ATAD-3 is a mitochondrial protein and its depletion leads to arrest at developmental stages with low mitochondrial activity. (A) Western Blot analysis of C. elegans wild type cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein fraction using anti-NUO-2, anti-ATAD-3 and anti-GAPDH antibodies to identify mitochondrial NUO-2/ATAD-3 (NUO-2 = homologue of the human NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit NDUFS3) and cytoplasmic GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), respectively. (B) Western blot analysis of protein extracts from wild type (WT) and atad-3(RNAi) animals reveals a strongly reduced ATAD-3 signal. For comparison of relative protein levels, GAPDH served as a loading control. (C,D) Mitochondrial morphology was analyzed in transgenic strain SJ4103 expressing a mitochondrial targeted GFP under control of the muscle-specific myo-3 promoter ([25]). Bar: 10 um; N = nucleus. (C) In SJ4103 control animals (fed with HT115 bacteria carrying the empty L4440 feeding-vector), mitochondria in body wall muscle form a well organized interconnected reticulum. (D) After atad-3(RNAi), mitochondria appear disorganized and thinner. (E) Quantification of mitochondrial filamentation (aspect ratio = AR) and mitochondrial branching (formfactor = F) revealed no significant changes. Number of individual animals analyzed: WT = 11, atad-3(RNAi) = 11; number of objects analyzed: WT = 780, atad-3(RNAi) = 797. (F) Enzymatic activities (nmol/min/mg) of complex I (CI) and citrate synthase (CS) of a mixed stage WT population (green), WT L1 larvae (yellow) and atad-3(RNAi) animals (red). Asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.05) in comparison to the control.