Picture from Wang, Ying et al. (2020) MicroPubl Biol

(A) Photograph of the head of a transgenic animal expressing GFP under the control the promoter of delm-2(Pdelm-2::GFP) (front is to the left). (B) same as in (A) for a delm-1 mutant expressing AgTRPA1 under the control of Pdelm-2 (delm-1;Pdelm-2::AgTRPA1;Pdelm-2::GFP). delm-2 is expressed in OLQ and IL socket glia (Han et al., 2013). (C) Schematic representation of a OLQ or IL socket glia in the indicated genetic backgrounds. In animals expressing AgTRPA1 in socket glia, influx of cations is present only at temperatures above 27°C due to the temperature sensitivity of AgTRPA1. WT is N2. (D) Ratios of responses (responses/total number of trials, labelled on the Y axis as "responses/tot trials") assayed at 22°C for wild type animals (N2, 0.770 ± 0.042, n = 20), trpa-1(ok999) (0.210 ± 0.042, n = 20), delm-1(ok1226) (0.250 ± 0.035, n = 20), and delm-1 expressing mosquito TRPA1 (AgTRPA1) in OLQ and IL1 socket glia (delm-1(ok1226);Pdelm-2::AgTRPA1, 0.270 ± 0.036, n = 20). (E) Ratios of responses assayed at 28C for wild type animals (N2, 0.6480 ± 0.026, n = 50), trpa-1(ok999) (0.228 ± 0.024, n = 50), delm-1(ok1226) (0.248 ± 0.025, n = 50), and delm-1 expressing mosquito TRPA1 (AgTRPA1) in OLQ and IL1 socket glia (delm-1(ok1226);Pdelm-2::AgTRPA1, 0.624 ± 0.025, n = 50). Data are expressed as means ± SE, ****p<0.0001 by ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Picture from Dasgupta, Madhumanti et al. (2020) MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1. E. faecalis induces early larval arrest in C. elegans: (A) Images of C. elegans L1 larvae fed E. coli OP50 (Top) or E. faecalis OG1RF (Bottom) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Scale bar, 100 um. (B) Mean +/- SEM of body length in populations of L1 larvae fed OP50 or OG1RF for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Reported length of L1, L2, L3 and L4 larvae is indicated on the right y axis. (C) Kaplan Meier survival curves for wild type animals fed on OG1RF and deltafsrB E. faecalis (TX5266). Also see Table 1. (D) Mean +/- SEM of body length in populations of L1 larvae fed OP50, OG1RF or TX5266 for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. (E) Mean +/- SEM of body length in populations of 48 h starved, E. faecalis-fed and E. coli-fed larvae transferred to E. coli plates and measured at regular intervals of 12 hours. n=15-20 animals/ treatment/experiment in panels 1B, 1D and 1E where each point represents the mean of body length of a population of animals (N>3 experiments). *, p less than equal to 0.05; **, p less than equal to 0.01; ***, p less than equal to 0.001; ns-non-significant. In panel D, * indicates significance with respect to OP50-fed animals at the same time point. (F) (i) Cartoon showing vulval invariant cell lineages and morphogenesis in wild-type hermaphrodites (Burdine et al., 1998; Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; Cui and Han, 2003). At larval stage, L3, vulval precursor cells P(5-7).p adopt primary (1) or secondary (2) cell fates and undergo invariant cell divisions to produce 22 cells organized into toroids, VulA, vulB1, vulB2, vulC, vulD, vulE, and vulF, shown by A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F cell types (Sharma-Kishore et al., 1999). Blue coloured oval cells indicate egl-17::cfp expression in specific lineages. (ii) Cartoon showing early L4 vulva, when egl-17::cfp is exclusively seen in granddaughters of P6.p (1), and mid-L4 stage, where the expression is shifted to 2 lineage cells, vulC and vulD. (iii) Merged DIC and fluorescence images showing stage specific egl-17::cfp in vulval cells. P6.p (1 cell stage/L2), P6.px (2 cell/midL3), P6.pxx (4 cell/mid to late L3), and P6.pxxx (8 cell/early L4 onwards), x denotes one round of mitotic division. Gonads are demarcated with white line. In all animals, anterior is to the left. Scale bar, 5 um. (G) Expression of egl-17::cfp in C. elegans L1 larvae fed OP50 or OG1RF for 20 h and 84 h. Duration of feeding on E. coli or E. faecalis are shown on X-axis and the bars represent % positive or negative egl-17::cfp in vulva cells. Numbers on the bars indicate the number of animals which are positive or negative for egl-17::cfp expression. Zero on top of blue bars indicate that there are no OP50-fed animals which do not show egl-17::cfp expression. (H) Confocal images of egl-17::cfp in C. elegans L1 larvae fed OP50 or OG1RF for 20 h and 84 h. White circles depict gonad primordium and yellow P6.p lineage. In all animals anterior is to the left. Scale bar, 5 um. (I) Scanning electron microscopy images of larvae fed OP50 for 4 h and fed OG1RF for 72 h. Arrow heads indicate alae. n= 25-30 animals/ treatment. Scale bar, 20 um.