Picture from Chen P-J et al. (2000) Development "TRA-1A regulates transcription of fog-3, which controls germ cell fate in C. ...."

The period of high fog-3 expression coincides with spermatogenesis. Northern blot of N2 total RNA, isolated from different developmental stages. L1, first larval stage; yA, young adult; A, adult. The blot was probed with an anti-fog-3 probe (Chen et al., 2000) and then with a probe to the 26s ribosomal RNA, to test for loading errors.

Picture from Chen P-J et al. (2000) Development "TRA-1A regulates transcription of fog-3, which controls germ cell fate in C. ...."

Figure 2. The period of high fog-3 expression coincides with spermatogenesis. (A) Northern blot of N2 total RNA, isolated from different developmental stages. L1, first larval stage; yA, young adult; A, adult. The blot was probed with an anti-fog-3 probe (Chen et al., 2000) and then with a probe to the 26s ribosomal RNA, to test for loading errors. (B) Northern blot of him-5(e1490) total RNA, processed as described in A. These populations contain 30% males and 70% hermaphrodites (Hodgkin et al., 1979).

Picture from Larsen MK et al. (2006) Mol Biol Cell "MAA-1, a novel acyl-CoA-binding protein involved in endosomal vesicle ...."

Figure 3. MAA-1 localizes to endosomal and Golgi compartments. Photomicrographs of the intestines of worms viewed with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The five panels on the left show GFP fluorescence in worms expressing MAA-1::GFP fusion proteins. The five middle panels show staining of the same worms with markers for different membrane organelles. FM4-64 is a membrane-intercalating dye that labels early and late endosomes. LysoTracker labels late endosomes and lysosomes. An antibody that recognizes the ER retention signal HDEL was used to label the ER. An antibody that recognizes the Golgi protein GRASP55 was used to label Golgi. Staining with this antibody substantially overlaps that obtained with a marker for Golgi in C. elegans, alpha-mannosidase (Chen et al., 2006) (Supplemental Figure S2). Because the epitope from human GRASP55 used to raise the antibody is almost completely conserved in the worm orthologue, it is likely that the antibody recognizes worm GRASP55. RME-1 labels the ERC. The five panels on the right show merged images of the respective left and middle panels. Bar, 5 um. Selected images of worms at lower magnification are shown in Supplemental Figure S3.

Picture from Siete C et al. (2024) MicroPubl Biol "Immobilization of C. elegans with different concentrations of an ...."

Figure 1. Comparison of axonal transport of TIR-1:GFP in AWC axons of worms immobilized with different concentrations of tetramisole and polystyrene microbeads:(A) Representative kymographs of moving TIR-1::GFP in AWC axons of worms immobilized with 0.5-7.5 mM tetramisole (Tet) or microbeads. The line within two blue arrowheads represents a retrograde trafficking event toward the proximal axon (P) or the ­­­­­AWC cell body; the line between two red arrowheads represents an anterograde trafficking event toward the distal (D) axon. (B) The percentage of anterograde and retrograde trafficking events. The average number of trafficking events per animal imaged is 19 (0.5 mM Tet), 24 (1 mM Tet), 21 (2 mM Tet), 19 (7.5 mM Tet), and 13 (microbeads). Z-test was used to determine p-values. Error bars, SE of proportion. ns, not significant. (C) The average velocity of anterograde and retrograde trafficking events. Red and blue lines indicate the comparison of anterograde and retrograde velocities, respectively. Student's t-test was used to determine p-values. Error bars, SEM. ns, not significant. The significance level 0.01 was adjusted to 0.0025 (0.01/4) using the Bonferroni method (Chen, Feng, & Yi, 2017) in (B) and (C).

Picture from Lindsay JT et al. (2024) MicroPubl Biol "ets-10p::gfp expression is predictive of dauer formation in daf-16; ...."

Figure 1. daf-16; daf-7 larvae express intermediate levels of the ets-10p::gfp L2d marker prior to dauer formation: (A) Representative images for categories assigned in panels B-E. "Off" indicates that expression is undetectable; this lack of expression was characteristic of continuously developing L2-staged larvae (Shih et al. 2019). "Dim" indicates expression is faintly visible in the posterior intestine. "Posterior" indicates robust expression in the posterior intestine but no expression in the anterior. "Full" indicates strong expression throughout the intestine. "Non-dauer" indicates expression in the spermatheca and vulva, but at most weak expression in the intestine. Note that expression from the injection marker, ofm-1p::rfp, bleeds through the broad GFP filter and is visible in the coelomocytes in all larvae (arrowheads). Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. (B-C) Expression of ets-10p::gfp between 29 and 40 hours after bleaching at 24°C. For reference, dauer formation occurs at approximately 48 hours after bleaching at 24˚C. All represented timepoints were assessed across two independent experiments (n=118-298 larvae), except the 32 hour timepoint that was assessed in a single experiment (n=61-79 larvae). (B) Nearly all daf-7 larvae expressed posterior ets-10p::gfp at 29 hours after hatching, gradually shifting to full expression over time. (n=61-207 larvae per timepoint). (C) daf-16; daf-7 larvae expressed no or dim ets-10p::gfp at 29 hours. Expression shifted to a mix of dim, full, and non-dauer over time, as some larvae bypassed dauer formation. (n=79-298 larvae per timepoint). (D-E) Larvae were sorted to separate plates based on ets-10p::gfp expression at 33 hours after hatching at 24˚C. These larvae were examined again at 48 hours after hatching to determine how ets-10p::gfp expression had changed. Numbers indicate the number of larvae with the given expression pattern at the indicated time over two independent trials. In this experiment, most daf-7 larvae (D) expressed posterior ets-10p::gfp at 33 h and full expression at 48 h. In contrast, most daf-16; daf-7 larvae (E) expressed either no or dim ets-10p::gfp at 33h. The larvae with no expression at 33 h were enriched for bypassing dauer formation (non-dauer expression at 48 h), but some dimly expressing larvae also bypassed dauer formation. The few larvae with posterior expression at 33h all showed full expression at 48 h.