- brush border assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.
- adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation
An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a reduction in cardiac muscle contraction. Beta-adrenergic receptor-induced cardiac relaxation is achieved by a GPCR-activated adenylate cyclase generating cAMP; cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane protein PLB. In its non-phosphorylated state, PLB acts as an inhibitor of the ATPase Ca(2+) pump of the cardiac SR (SERCA2a); inhibition of the pump is relieved upon phosphorylation. The pump removes Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm, thereby preventing cytosolic Ca(2+)-dependent activation of contractile proteins, leading to enhanced muscle relaxation.
- intermicrovillar adhesion
The cell-cell adhesion process by which adjacent microvilli attach to each other through Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links made of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin.
- calcium ion transport
The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
- corticospinal tract morphogenesis
Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.
- substantia nigra development
The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
- cerebellar cortex morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.