- obsolete Gene_Ontology
OBSOLETE. A controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. GO provides three structured networks of defined terms to describe gene product attributes.
- miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. miRNAs are endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate protein production by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA (often mRNA) or mRNA translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA. miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants, whereas siRNAs are present in lower animals and in plants.
- gene conversion
A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.
- gene expression
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.
- positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
An epigenetic process that increases gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA demethylation.
- negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
An epigenetic process that silences gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA methylation.