pilus retraction

The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.

spliceosome-depend formation of circular RNA

Formation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) by back-splicing circularization of pre-mRNAs in a spliceosome-dependent process.

retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi

The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles.

intestinal motility

Contractions of the intestinal tract that include peristalsis (moving contents onward) and non-peristaltic movement (moving contents back and forth).

GARP complex

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.

retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.

retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.

endocytic recycling

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.

fast endocytic recycling

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from peripheral endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.

polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering

Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.