Expr16344

To test this model, we built Pnlp-40::NLP- 40::mNeonGreen fusion reporter and found that nlp-40 was highly expressed in the gut beginning at an early embryonic stage and observed NLP-40 peptides in the intestine and coelomocytes, which is consistent with the previous report (Wang et al, 2013).

Expr12829

Fluorescence of the mCherry driven from the recombineered sir-2.1 fusion gene was observed in nerve cells of the head, the ventral nerve cord and the tail, and in the hypodermis, as described previously for a conventional reporter gene fusion (Wang and Tissenbaum, 2006). On top of this, however, mCherry fluorescence was also observed in muscle and intestinal cells, and potentially other additional cell types.

Expr16345

First, we built an aex-2 transcriptional reporter Paex-2::mNeonGreen, and found that aex-2 was mainly expressed in the nervous system with some in the posterior gut, which is consistent with the previous report (Wang et al, 2013).Second, we co-expressed Paex-2::mNeonGreen with the AIY-specific marker Pttx-3::mCherry, and found that the expression of those two reporters overlapped, indicating that aex-2 is expressed in AIY interneurons.

Expr11539

CGT-3::EGFP was expressed in pharyngeal intestinal valve, intestinal rectal valve and hypodermis. In transgenic rescue experiment, relatively weak but definite expression of the cgt-3 gene was detected also in the germline. Searching the in situ hybridization database (see NEXTDB online at http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp/ ) with cgt sequences revealed that the cgt-3 gene is expressed in the gonad of adult hermaphrodites. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) by Wang et al. (2009) also showed that cgt-3 is among a set of 603 germline-specific/enriched genes identified only by SAGE.

Expr11976

par-5 mRNA isoform selection seemed constant in worms of the same stage but varied considerably during development: total par-5 mRNA abundance decreased during embryogenesis, but the relative amounts of par-5::utr.1 and par-5::utr.2 increased significantly, peaking at the first larval stage. During postembryonic development, par-5 mRNA isoform selection shifted progressively toward the short 3' UTR isoform, par-5::utr.3, in line with the general tendency for C. elegans 3' UTRs (Mangone et al., 2010). This elaborates the results of Wang and Shakes (1997), indicating that both par-5 isoform selection and mRNA expression change during development.A progressive increase in PAR-5 protein levels could also be observed during embryogenesis, coincident with an increased contribution of par-5::utr.2.

Expr16534

We also identified a striking expression pattern for the helix-loop-helix TF hlh-15, in which expression is confined to a single neuron in the tail (DVA) and a single paired neuron in the head (AVKL/R). A previous study generated a promoter::GFP transgene for hlh-15 and likewise reported expression in a single tail neuron and a single paired head neuron (Grove et al. 2009) but tentatively assigned the expression to the DVA and RIF neurons based on cell position and morphology. To clarify the discrepancy, we obtained the hlh- 15p::GFP transgene and crossed it with nuclear red fluorescent transgenes (H2B::mCherry) expressed in only the DVA neuron or only the AVK neuron (Wang et al. 2017). We found that the DVA mCherry marks the nucleus of the cell identified in the tail, and the AVK mCherry marks the nucleus of the paired head neurons, confirming VISTA's cell-type identification for hlh-15 gene expression.