Expr3221

Larval and adult worms transgenic for fmo-4::LacZ exhibited marked uniform beta-Gal expression in the nuclei of cells of the hypodermis. Hypodermal beta-Gal expression was far more pronounced for fmo-4 than other fmos.

Expr1

Body wall muscle cells and vulval muscle cells of adult hermaphrodites. Beta-galactosidase is nuclear localized

Expr1611

Expression was observed in descendants of both ABalap and MSap. Reproducible beta-galactosidase was first observed in all four ABala granddaughters at the 55-cell (late 32 AB-cell) stage in embryos expressing the lag-2::lacZ reporter. Beta-galactosidase was not detected in any other cells of the AB lineage at this stage in development. Expression of beta-galactosidase was also observed in MSap descendants; at the 87-cell (64 AB-cell) stage, beta-galactosidase was observed in MSapa and MSapp, the daughters of MSap. Beta-galactosidase expression in both the ABala and MSap lineages persists for at least two rounds of cell division. This observation may reflect actual expression of the lag-2 gene, rather than a perdurance of beta-galactosidase protein, because an engineered beta-galactosidase with a short half-life was used in the construction of the translational fusion. No lag-2 expression were observed in ABalap and MSap, the proposed signaling cells of the ABplaa and ABplpa inductions, respectively. Instead, lag-2 expression was first detected at later stages, in descendants of these cells.

Expr11280

pe27, located near the 5 end of pe1, activated pharyngeal beta-galactosidase expression in 32% of the transformants.

Expr590

act-4::beta-gal fusion protein was detected from embryonic stages through adult developmental stages. In adult hermaphrodites from strain EH19 containing extrachromosomal array of pJS303, strong staining was observed in body wall muscles, vulva muscle and spermatheca(fixed animals were stained with either Xgal or with anti-beta-gal antibody). pSS22 beta-gal was detected in body wall muscle. Lambda act-16-lacZ staining observed in vulval muscle, spermatheca and pharyngeal cells (possibly pharyngeal muscle).

Expr3220

Larval and adult worms transgenic for fmo-3::LacZ exhibited marked uniform beta-Gal expression in the nuclei of cells of the hypodermis.

Expr1613

Reproducible beta-galactosidase expression was first observed in 24 cells at the 55-cell (32-AB-cell) stage in embryos carrying the lin-12::lacZ construct; variable staining was observed at the 28-, 46- and 50-cell stages. The positions of the beta-galactosidase-expressing cells suggested that all 24 expressing cells at the 55-cell stage were AB-derived. laser-ablation of AB in the 2-cell embryo eliminated all beta-galactosidase expression at a time corresponding to the wild-type 55-cell (32-AB-cell) stage. In intact transgenic embryos, beta-galactosidase expression persisted through at least one round of cell division. Again, because an engineered beta-galactosidase with a short half-life was used in the construction of the translational fusion, this observation may reflect continued expression of the lin-12 reporter. There were no reporter expression in either ABplaa or ABplpa. However, lin-12 expression was observed in the descendants of both of these cells. lin-12-expressing cells included ABplaaa and ABplpapp.

Expr13840

Strong expression of UNC-70/β in the spermatheca and SP-UT valve begins early in spermathecal development during larval stage 4 and continues into adulthood.

Expr13842

Beginning in L4, SMA-1/βH is seen in both the spermathecal bag and SP-UTvalve with the strongest expression in the 4 cells most proximal to the SP-UT valve. Interestingly, this expression pattern changes during spermathecal development, and by adulthood, SMA-1/βH becomes restricted to a ring connecting the spermathecal bag and SP-UT valve.

Expr12265

The localization of tetraThymosin-beta is shown in oocytes (in dissected gonads of adult worms), in embryos and in whole adult organisms. TetraThymosin-beta was maternally expressed and in the adult gonad diffusely present in the cytoplasm of the oocytes, with strong staining at the cell cortex where also actin is present. In the distal arm of the gonad, tetraThymosin-beta localized to the inside edges of the membrane cubicles surrounding germ cell nuclei. Here, tetraThymosin-beta did not localize to the lateral side of the membrane cubicles where actin is arranged in a 'honeycomb' structure (Strome, 1986). In two-cell stage embryos, tetraThymosin-beta was enriched in the cell-cell contact where actin was also concentrated. The tetraThymosin-beta signal was clearly apparent until the four-cell stage and became weaker later on. At the comma stage (290 min after the first cell division), tetraThymosin-beta staining was observed at the developing nerve ring that is the largest axonal bundle in the nematode body and that positions around the isthmus of the pharynx. TetraThymosin-beta was evident in this region even before a clear actin signal was apparent. In larvae and adults, immunofluorescence yielded a diffuse but specific staining of the entire worm body with enrichment at the intestinal tract and spermatheca. At these stages, in contrast to what is observed in developing embryo, no prominent signal was observed in the head region where the nerve ring is located. In young adults is expressed in theposterior bulb of the pharynx. These immunostaining patterns were reproducible in three or more experiments and in 20 or more worms or embryos.